• Tujue; an ethnic minority group of ancient China that roamed the Altay mountains in search of pasture, and which in the Mid-6th century became powerful and prosperous and set up its own regime. Later the Tujue divided into eastern and western groups, but went to perdition in Mid-8th and Mid-7th century respectively.

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• A dark horse: first coined in "The Young Duke" written by Benjamin Disraeli: in a match, an ordinary and little-known black horse unexpectedly became the winner by passing the expected winner. New meaning: A little-known, unexpectedly successful entrant, as in a horserace.

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• As western legend goes, crocodiles will shed tears when they eat human beings or other animals. It then became used as a metaphor to mean the false mercy of bad people.

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• 1. A belief or opinion which evaluates things on whether they have practical use or not.
• 2. The Pragmatism; a modern Capitalist Philosophical School which originated from the United States in the end of 19th century and became popular at the beginning of the 20th century; its founder was Pearse and its representatives include James, Dewey, etc.; it believes that there are no objective standards for truth and whatever is useful is the truth.

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• The first Opium Was: A war of aggression from 1840 to 1842 launched by the British government with the excuse of protecting the trade relations. The government of the Qing Dynasty's incapacity and corruption placed the city of Nanjing under siege in spite of the resistance lead by the patriotic army of Lin Zexu in Guangdong Province. Threatened by the force of arms, the Qing Dynasty signed the Nanjing Treaty with Britain. This was one of the national betrayals and humiliations in moder...

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