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Contemporary Standard Chinese Dictionary
- 艰难
[jiānnán]
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1.
形
艰苦困难。
Examples
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生活艰难
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live in straitened circumstances
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不论多么艰难困苦,我们都要继续战斗下去。
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No matter what the difficulties and hardships, we will fight on.
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经过无数艰难曲折
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experience countless difficulties and setbacks
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路上遇着了说不尽的艰难险阻。
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We encountered untold difficulties and dangers on the way.
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我从来没经验过这样的艰难。
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I have never experienced such hardships.
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艰难困苦
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difficulties and hardships
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忍受艰难困苦
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endure hardships
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艰难时世
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hard times
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Collocations
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行动艰难
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to have difficulty walking
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艰难困苦
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difficulties and hardships
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艰难险阻
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difficulties and obstacles
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不畏艰难
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to have no fear of difficulties
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艰难地生活
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difficult living
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十分艰难
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formidably difficult
nciku Note
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艰难 and 困难 jiānnán and kùnnán
Both adjectives 艰难 and 困难 indicate “complication, resistance, predicament, poverty-stricken, etc.” but the scale and degree of difficulties denoted by 艰难 refers in particular to the great hardships in starting an undertaking.
The noun 困难 has the same meaning of the adjective and can function as the subject or object of a sentence. We usually say 有困难 yǒu kùnnán, 遇到了困难 yùdàole kùnnán, 克服困难 kèfú kùnnán, 困难不小 kùnnán bù xiǎo, etc. while 艰难 is usually found in phrases like 艰难困苦 jiānnán kùnkǔ, 艰难险阻 jiānnán xiánzǔ, etc.
(1) 站在领奖台上光彩夺目的他,走过了一段十分艰难的夺冠之路。 (2) 经历了各种艰难困苦,他终于熟练掌握了这门技术。 (3) 站在海拔四千多米的高原,他感到呼吸十分困难。 (4) 他克服了重重困难,终于获得了成功。
When talking about a hard life or a life suffering from financial problems, either word can be used, but 艰难 sound more intensified than 困难.
(5) 那几年他们过得很困难(艰难)。 (6) 这次谈判进行得十分困难(艰难)。
用做形容词时,两个词都表示是事情的复杂、有阻力或境遇的不顺、穷困等。但“艰难”所指的规模和长度上较“困难”更甚。优势“艰难”还指创业的难度很大。 名词“困难”,与形容词意思相同,做主语或宾语,一般说“有困难”、“遇到了困难”、“克服困难”、“困难不小”等。而“艰难困苦”、“艰难险阻”等。 当涉及“生活困苦”或“穷困”时,两个词都可以用,但“艰难”所指的程度比“困难”更深。
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