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艰难 (艱難)

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Collins Chinese-English Dictionary

艰难 [jiānnán]
  1. 1. adjective hard
    他们生活艰难
    Their life is hard.
    这位病人觉得走路很艰难
    The invalid finds it difficult to walk.

Comprehensive Chinese-English Dictionary

艰难 [jiānnán]
  1. 1. difficult; hard; uphill; rough
    行动艰难
    walk with difficulty
    生活艰难
    live in straitened circumstances
    艰难的岁月
    difficult days; hard times; arduous years

Contemporary Standard Chinese Dictionary

艰难 [jiānnán]
  1. 1. 艰苦困难。

Examples

生活艰难
live in straitened circumstances
不论多么艰难困苦,我们都要继续战斗下去。
No matter what the difficulties and hardships, we will fight on.
经过无数艰难曲折
experience countless difficulties and setbacks
路上遇着了说不尽的艰难险阻。
We encountered untold difficulties and dangers on the way.
我从来没经验过这样的艰难
I have never experienced such hardships.
艰难困苦
difficulties and hardships
忍受艰难困苦
endure hardships
艰难时世
hard times

Collocations

行动艰难
to have difficulty walking
艰难困苦
difficulties and hardships
艰难险阻
difficulties and obstacles
不畏艰难
to have no fear of difficulties
艰难地生活
difficult living
十分艰难
formidably difficult

Word Decomposition


[jiān]
+
[nán]

nciku Note

艰难 and 困难

艰难 and 困难
jiānnán and kùnnán

Both adjectives 艰难 and 困难 indicate “complication, resistance, predicament, poverty-stricken, etc.” but the scale and degree of difficulties denoted by 艰难 refers in particular to the great hardships in starting an undertaking.

The noun 困难 has the same meaning of the adjective and can function as the subject or object of a sentence. We usually say 有困难 yǒu kùnnán, 遇到了困难 yùdàole kùnnán, 克服困难 kèfú kùnnán, 困难不小 kùnnán bù xiǎo, etc. while 艰难 is usually found in phrases like 艰难困苦 jiānnán kùnkǔ, 艰难险阻 jiānnán xiánzǔ, etc.

(1) 站在领奖台上光彩夺目的他,走过了一段十分艰难的夺冠之路。
(2) 经历了各种艰难困苦,他终于熟练掌握了这门技术。
(3) 站在海拔四千多米的高原,他感到呼吸十分困难
(4) 他克服了重重困难,终于获得了成功。

When talking about a hard life or a life suffering from financial problems, either word can be used, but 艰难 sound more intensified than 困难.

(5) 那几年他们过得很困难艰难)。
(6) 这次谈判进行得十分困难艰难)。

用做形容词时,两个词都表示是事情的复杂、有阻力或境遇的不顺、穷困等。但“艰难”所指的规模和长度上较“困难”更甚。优势“艰难”还指创业的难度很大。
名词“困难”,与形容词意思相同,做主语或宾语,一般说“有困难”、“遇到了困难”、“克服困难”、“困难不小”等。而“艰难困苦”、“艰难险阻”等。
当涉及“生活困苦”或“穷困”时,两个词都可以用,但“艰难”所指的程度比“困难”更深。

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